Faktor yang Memengaruhi Siklus Menstruasi Pada Mahasiswi : An Occupational Health Study
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.63265/jkti.v3i4.236Keywords:
college students, menstrual cycle, occupational health, stressAbstract
Kesehatan menstruasi merupakan indikator penting bagi kesejahteraan reproduksi perempuan. Di lingkungan perguruan tinggi, mahasiswi menghadapi berbagai tekanan akademik dan lingkungan yang dapat bertindak sebagai risiko kesehatan kerja yang memengaruhi siklus menstruasi mereka. Systematic review ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi dan menganalisis faktor gaya hidup, psikososial, dan biologis yang memengaruhi ketidakteraturan siklus menstruasi pada mahasiswi. Menggunakan panduan PRISMA, pencarian sistematis dilakukan pada database PubMed dan Scopus untuk artikel yang terbit antara tahun 2021 dan 2026. Sebanyak 23 artikel studi cross-sectional dan case-control memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan disintesis dalam penelitian ini. Temuan studi secara konsisten mengidentifikasi stres psikologis (stres akademik dan depresi) sebagai prediktor paling dominan terhadap gangguan menstruasi melalui gangguan pada aksis hipotalamus-hipofisis-adrenal (HPA). Selain itu, kualitas tidur yang buruk/insomnia, Indeks Massa Tubuh (IMT) ekstrem (terlalu kurus dan kelebihan berat badan/obesitas), gaya hidup sedenter, serta pola makan yang buruk (asupan lemak tinggi, kebiasaan melewatkan makan) secara signifikan meningkatkan risiko dismenore, siklus tidak teratur, dan Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS). Sebaliknya, konsumsi makanan kaya vitamin A memberikan efek perlindungan. Gangguan menstruasi di kalangan mahasiswi memiliki prevalensi tinggi dan bersifat multifaktorial. Promosi kesehatan di kampus perlu menerapkan program manajemen stres serta edukasi kebersihan tidur dan nutrisi guna mendukung kesehatan reproduksi mahasiswi.
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