Faktor yang mempengaruhi Quality of Life pada perawat : Systematic Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.63265/jkti.v3i3.234Keywords:
burnout, nurses, quality of life, systematic review, work stressAbstract
Perawat merupakan tenaga kesehatan terbesar yang berperan penting dalam menjaga mutu pelayanan kesehatan. Tingginya tuntutan kerja, tekanan psikologis, dan kondisi lingkungan kerja yang kompleks menjadikan kualitas hidup (Quality of Life/QoL) perawat sebagai isu penting dalam sistem kesehatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi kualitas hidup perawat melalui systematic review. penelitian menggunakan pedoman PRISMA dengan pencarian artikel pada database PubMed dan Scopus menggunakan kata kunci terkait perawat, quality of life, dan faktor determinan. Artikel yang direview merupakan publikasi tahun 2021–2025 berbahasa Inggris dan Indonesia. Dari 7.170 artikel yang ditemukan, sebanyak 23 artikel memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Hasil review menunjukkan bahwa kualitas hidup perawat umumnya berada pada tingkat sedang, dengan domain fisik dan psikologis sebagai aspek yang paling terdampak. Faktor yang memengaruhi QoL perawat terbagi dalam empat klaster utama, yaitu beban kerja dan burnout, lingkungan kerja dan organisasi, resiliensi dan dukungan sosial, serta faktor sosiodemografis. Burnout, stres kerja, pola shift, dan lingkungan kerja yang tidak suportif terbukti menurunkan kualitas hidup perawat. Sebaliknya, dukungan organisasi, strategi koping, resiliensi psikologis, dan dukungan sosial berperan sebagai faktor protektif. Penelitian ini menegaskan pentingnya intervensi multidimensional untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan dan kualitas hidup perawat.
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